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Patents

  • Morrin, A., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R., Ngamna, O., Moulton, S. and Wallace, G.G. Polymer materials and uses therfor. PCT filing 13th April 2007, European Patent Office DUBL05/C/WO.

  • Morrin, A., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R., Ngamna, O., Moulton, S., and Wallace, G.G. Polymer materials and their enhanced properties. Provisional filing 13th April 2007, Irish Patent Office DUBL11/P.

Publications

 

Prof. Smyth has published over 250 refereed papers. Listed below are his publications from 1995 to date:

  • Ambrosi, A., Morrin, A., Smyth, M.R., Killard, A.J. (2008). The application of conducting polymer nanoparticle electrodes to the sensing of ascorbic acid. Anal. Chim. Acta, 609(1):37-43.


  • Crowley, K., O’Malley, E., Morrin, A., Smyth, M.R., Killard, A.J. (2008). An aqueous ammonia sensor based on an inkjet-printed polyaniline nanoparticle-modified electrode. Analyst, 133(3):391-399.


  • Ngamna, O, Morrin, A., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R., Wallace, G.G. (2007). Inkjet Printing: Fabrication Approach for a Chemical Sensor Platform based on Polyaniline Nanoparticles. Langmuir, 23(16):8569-8574.

  • Luo, X., Killard, A.J., Morrin, A., Smyth, M.R. (2007). In-situ electropolymerised silica–polyaniline core–shell structures: electrode modification and enzyme biosensor enhancement. Electrochim. Acta, 52(5):1865-1870.

  • Ngamna, O, Morrin, A., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R., Wallace, G.G. (2007). Inkjet printable polyaniline nanoformulations. Langmuir, 23(16): 8569-8974.

  • Luo, X., Killard, A.J., Morrin, A., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Electrochemical preparation of distinct polyaniline nanostructures by surface charge control of polystyrene nanoparticle templates. Chem. Comm., 30: 3207-3209.

  • Luo, X., Vidal, G.D., Killard, A.J., Morrin, A., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Nanocauliflowers: A nanostructured polyaniline-modified screen-printed electrode with a self-assembled polystyrene template and its application in an amperometric enzyme biosensor. Electroanalysis, 19(7-8):876-883.

  • Ambrosi, A., Castaneda, M.T., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R., Alegret, S., Merkoci, A. (2007). Double-codified gold nanolabels for enhanced immunoanalysis. Anal. Chem. 79(14):5232-5240.

  • Mackey, D., Ambrosi, A., Killard, A.J., and Smyth, M.R. (2007). Optimizing the ratio of horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase on a bienzyme electrode: comparison of a theoretical and experimental approach. Sens. Actuat. B. 122(2): 395-402.

  • Luo, X., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Nanocomposite and nanoporous polyaniline conducting polymers exhibit enhanced catalysis of nitrite reduction. Chem. Eur. J. 13(7): 2138-2143.

  • Ambrosi, A., Morrin, A., Killard, A.J., and Smyth, M.R. (2007). Characterisation of immunological interactions at an immunoelectrode by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Electroanalysis. 19 (2-3): 244-252.

  • Kelly, M.C., Whitaker, G., White, B., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Nickel(II)-catalysed oxidative guanine and DNA damage beyond 8-oxoguanine. Free Rad. Biol. Med 42 (11) 1680-1689.

  • Luo X.L., Vidal, G.D., Killard, A.J., Morrin, A., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Nanocauliflowers: A nanostructured polyaniline-modified screen-printed electrode with a self-assembled polystyrene template and its application in an amperometric enzyme biosensor. Electroanal. 19 (7-8) 876-883.

  • Mackey, D., Killard, A.J., Ambrosi, A., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Optimizing the ratio of horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxidase on a bienzyme electrode: Comparison of a theoretical and experimental approach. Sens. Actuat. B 122 (2) 395-402.

  • Luo X.L., Killard A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Nanocomposite and nanoporous polyaniline conducting polymers exhibit enhanced catalysis of nitrite reduction. Chem. Eur. J. 13 (7) 2138-2143.

  • Dowling, G., Mulder, P. P. J., Duffy, C., Regan, L., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 586 (1-2) 411-419.

  • Ambrosi, A., Morrin, A., Killard A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2007). Characterization of immunological interactions at an immunoelectrode by scanning electron microscopy. Electroanalysis 19(2-3) 244-252.

  • Luo X.L., Killard A.J., Morrin, A., Smyth, M.R. (2006). In situ electropolymerised silica-polyaniline core-shell structures: Electrode modification and enzyme biosensor enhancement. Electrochim. Acta 52(5) 1865-1870.

  • Whitaker, G., Kincaid, B. J., Raftery, D. P., Van Hoof, N., Regan, F., Smyth, M. R., Leonard, R. G. (2006). Potential of CE for the determination of inorganic and acidic anions in cyanoacrylate adhesives. Electrophoresis 27 (22) 4532-4537.

  • Luo X.L., Killard A.J., Morrin, A., Smyth, M.R. (2006). Enhancement of a conducting polymer-based biosensor using carbon nanotube-doped polyaniline. Anal. Chim. Acta 575 (1): 39-44.

  • O'Connor, M.B., Killard, A.J., O'Kennedy, R., Forster, R.J., Smyth, M.R. (2006). Production and characterization of a polyclonal antibody for Os(II) and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes. J. Inorg. Biochem. 100(7) 1259-1259.

  • Luo X.L., Killard A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2006). Reagentless glucose biosensor based on the direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase on carbon nanotube-modified electrodes. Electroanal. 18 (11) 1131-1134.

  • Grennan K., Killard A.J., Hanson C.J., Cafolla, A.A., Smyth, M.R. (2006). Optimisation and characterisation of biosensors based on polyaniline. Talanta 68 (5) 1591-1600.
    Luo X.L., Morrin A., Killard A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2006). Application of nanoparticles in electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Electroanal. 18 (4) 319-326.

  • Hutton E.A., Ogorevc B, Hocevar S.B., Smyth, M.R. (2006). Bismuth film microelectrode for direct voltammetric measurement of trace cobalt and nickel in some simulated and real body fluid samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 557 (1-2): 57-63.

  • Lori J.A., Morrin A., Killard A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2006). Development and characterization of nickel-NTA-polyaniline modified electrodes. Electroanal. 18 (1): 77-81.

  • O'Mahony J., Molinelli A., Nolan K., Smyth M.R., Mizaikoff B (2006). Anatomy of a successful imprint: Analysing the recognition mechanisms of a molecularly imprinted polymer for quercetin. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21 (7) 1383-1392

  • Grennan K., Killard A.J., Smyth M.R.(2005). Chemically polymerized polyaniline films for the mass-production of biosensor devices. Electroanal. 17 (15-16) 1360-1369. 

  • Ngamna O., Morrin A., Moulton S.E., Killard A.J., Smyth M.R., Wallace G.G. (2005). An HRP based biosensor using sulphonated polyaniline. Synth. Met.  Part 2 Sp. Iss. SI 153 (1-3) 185-188.

  • White B., Tarun M.C., Gathergood N., Rusling, J., Smyth, M.R. (2005). Oxidised guanidinohydantoin (Gh(OX)) and spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) are major products of iron- and copper-mediated 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 '-deoxyguanosine oxidation. Molec. Biosys. 1 (5-6) 373-381.

  • O'Mahony, J., Molinelli, A., Nolan, K., Smyth, M.R., Mizaikoff, B. (2005). Analyzing the mechanisms of selectivity in biomimetic self-assemblies via IR and NMR spectroscopy of prepolymerization solutions and molecular dynamics simulations. Anal. Chem. 77 (16) 5196-5204.

  • Dowling, G., Cantwell, H., O'Keeffe, M., Smyth, M.R. (2005). Determination of robenidine in eggs by liquid chromoatography with UV spectrophotometric detection. Anal. Chim. Acta 539 (1-2) 31-34

  • Dowling, G., Cantwell, H., O'Keeffe, M., Smyth, M.R. (2005). Multi-residue method for the determination of benzimidazoles in bovine liver. Anal. Chim. Acta 29 (1-2) 285-292

  • O'Mahony, J., Molinelli, A, Nolan, K, Smyth, M.R., Mizaikoff, B. (2005). Towards the rational development of molecularly imprinted polymers: H-1 NMR studies on hydrophobicity and ion-pair interactions as driving forces for selectivity. Biosens. Bioelectron. 20 (9) 1884-1893.

  • O'Mahony, J., Nolan, K., Smyth, M.R., Mizaikoff, B. (2005). Molecularly imprinted polymers-potential and challenges in analytical chemistry. Anal. Chim. Acta  534 (1) 31-39.

  • Morrin A., Wilbeer, F., Ngamna O., Killard A.J., Moulton S.E., Smyth M.R., Wallace G.G. (2005). Novel biosensor fabrication methodology based on processable conducting polyaniline nanoparticles. Electrochem. Comm. 7 (3) 317-322.

  • Morrin A., Ngamna O., Killard A.J., Moulton S.E., Smyth M.R., Wallace G.G. (2005). An amperometric enzyme biosensor fabricated from polyaniline nanoparticles. Electroanal.17 (5-6) 423-430.

  • O'Connor, M., Kim, S.N., Killard, A.J., Forster, R.J., Smyth, M.R., Papadimitrakopoulos, F., Rusling, J.F. (2004). Mediated amperometric immunosensing using single walled carbon nanotube forests. Analyst 129 (12) 1176-1180.

  • Morrin, A., Moutloali, R.M., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R., Darkwa, J. Iwuoha, E.I. Organic Phase Cyclopentadienylnickel Thiolate Sensor System for Electrochemical Determination of Sulfur Dioxide (2004). Electroanal. 16 (23)1944-1948.

  • Morrin, A., Moutloali, R.M., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R., Darkwa, J., Iwuoha, E.I. Electro-Catalytic Sensor Devices: (I) Cyclopentadienylnickel(II) Thiolato Schiff Base Monolayer Self-Assembled on Gold. Talanta 64 (1) 30-38.

  • Dennany, L., Forster, R.J., White, B., Smyth, M. R., Rusling, J.F. (2004). Direct electrochemiluminescence detection of oxidized DNA in ultrathin films containing [Os(bpy)(2)(PVP)(10)](2+). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (28) 8835-8841.

  • Hutton, E.A., van Elteren, J.V., Ogorevc, B., Smyth, M.R. (2004). Validation of Bismuth Film Electrode for Determination of Cobalt and Cadmium in Soil Extracts Using ICP-MS". Talanta 63 (4) 849-855.

  • Hutton, E.A., Ogorevc, B., Smyth, M.R. (2004). Cathodic electrochemical detection of nitrophenols at a bismuth film electrode for use in flow analysis. Electroanal. 16 (19) 1616-1621.

  • Hutton, E.A., Hoevar, S.B., Ogorevc, B., Smyth, M.R. Bismuth Film Electrode for Simultaneous Adsorptive Stripping Analysis of Trace Cobalt and Nickel Using Constant Current Chronopotentiometric and Voltammetric Protocol"

  • Iwuoha, E.I., Williams-Dottin, A.R., Hall, L.A., Morrin, A., Mathebe, G.N., Smyth, M.R., Killard, A. (2004). Electrochemistry an application of novel monosubstituted squarate electron-transfer mediator in glucose oxidase-doped poly(phenol) sensor. Pure Appl. Chem., 76 (4), 789-799.

  • Grennan, K., Strachan, G., Porter, A.J., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2003). Atrazine Analysis Using an Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Single-Chain Antibody Fragments and Regeneration-Free Multi-Calibrant Measurement. Anal. Chim. Acta., 500, 287-298.

  • Morrin, A., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2003). Electrochemical Characterisation of Commercial and Home-Made Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes. Anal. Lett., 36, 2021-2039.

  • Morrin, A., Guzman, A., Killard, A.J., Pingarron, J.M., Smyth, M.R. (2003). Characterisation of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilised on an Electrochemical Biosensor by Colorimetric and Amperometric Techniques. Biosens. Bioelec., 18, 715-720.

  • Iwuoha, E.I. & Smyth, M.R. (2003). Reactivities of Organic-Phase Biosensors: 6. Square-Wave and Differential Pulse Studies of Genetically Engineered Cytochrome P450cam (CYP101) Bioelectrodes in Selected Solvents. Biosens. Bioelec., 18, 237-244.

  • Killard, A.J., Micheli, L., Grennan, K., Franek, M., Kolar, V., Moscone, D., Palshetti, I., Smyth, M.R. (2001). An Amperometric Separation-Free Immunosensor for Real-Time Environmental Monitoring. Anal. Chim. Acta, 427, 173-180.

  • Grennan, K., Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R. (2001). Physical Characterisation of a screen-printed electrode in an amperometric biosensor system. Electroanalysis, 13(8-9), 745-750.

  • Hutton, E.A., Ogorevc, B., Hocevar, S.B., Weldon, F., Smyth, M.R., Wang, J. (2001). An Introduction to Bismuth Film Electrode for Use in Cathodic Electrochemical Detection. Eletrochem. Commun., 3, 707-711.

  • Killard, A.J. and Smyth, M.R.(2000). Creatinine Biosensors: Principles and Designs. TIBTECH, 18, 433-437.

  • Sagar, K.A. and Smyth, M.R. (2000). Simultaneous Determination of Levabopa, Carbidopa and Their Metabolites in Human Plasma and Urine Samples Using LC-EC. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 22, 613-624.

  • Killard, A.J., Sequeira, M. Diamond, D., Smyth, M.R. Electroanalysis and Biosensors in Clinical Chemistry. Meyers, R.A. (Ed.), 5, 173-207, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000.

  • Ní Ghrianáin, C., Ó Choilleárd, A., MacGabhann, M. Bithbhraitheoirí Saora don Timpeallacht. Irish Scientist Millennium Year Book, 8, November 2000.

  • Killard, A.J., Smyth, M.R., Grennan, K., Micheli, L., Palleschi, G. (2000). Rapid Antibody Biosensor Assays for Environmental Analysis. Biochem. Soc, Trans, 28 (2), 81-84.

  • Killard, A.J. and Smyth, M. R. (2000). Separation-free Electrochemical Immunosensor Strategies. Anal. Lett., 33, 1451-1465.

  • Killard, A.J., Zhang, S., Zhao, H., John, R., Iwuoha, E.I. and Smyth, M.R. (1999). Development of an Electrochemical Flow Injection Immunoassay (FIIA) for the Real-Time Monitoring of Biospecific Interactions. Anal. Chim. Acta, 400,109-119.

  • Whelan, C.M. Smyth, C.M., Barnes, C.J., Attard, G.A., Yang, X. (1999). Surface Structural Transitions Induced by Repetitive Underpotential Deposition of Ag on Au(111). J. Electroanal. Chem., 474, 138-146.

  • Lewis, T.W., Wallace, G.G., Smyth, M.R. (1999). Electrofunctional Polymers: Their Role in the Development of New Analytical Systems. Analyst, 124, 213-219.

  • Wallace, G.G., Smyth, M., Zhao, H. (1999). Conducting Electroactive Polymer-Based Biosensors. TrAC, 18 (4), 245-251.

  • Sagar, K.A. and Smyth, M.R. (1999) A Comparative Bioavaility Study of Different Aspirin Formulations Using On-Line Multidimensional Chromatography. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 21 (2), 283-392

  • Moane, S., Raftery, D.P., Smyth, M.R., Leonard, R.G. (1999). Decomposition of Peroxides by Transition Metal Ions in Anaerobic Adhesive Cure Chemistry. Int. J. Adhesion & Adhesives, 19 (1), 49-57.

  • Whelan, C.M., Smyth, M.R., Barnes, C.J., Brown, N.M.D., Anderson, C.A. (1999). An XPS Study of Heterocyclic Thiol Self-Assembly on Au(111). Appl. Surf. Sci., 134, 1-4.

  • Robinson, G.M., Manica, D.P., Taylor, E.W., Smyth, M.R. Lunte, C.E. (1998). Development of a Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of an N-(Substituted)-Glycine-Peptoid Combinatorial Mixture. J. Chrom. B: Biomed. Sci. Appl., 707 (1-2), 247-255.

  • Robinson, G.M., Taylor, E.W., Smyth, M.R., Lunte, C.E. (1998). Application of Capillary Electrophoresis to the Separation of Structurally Diverse N-(Substituted)-Glycine-Peptoid Combinatorial Mixtures. J. Chrom. B: Biomed. Sci. Appl., 705, (2), 341-350.

  • Iwuoha, E.I., Shiba, J., Zhang, Z., Smyth, M.R., Fuhr, U., Ortiz, P.R. (1998). Drug Metabolism Biosensors: Electrochemical Reactivities of Cytochrome P450cam Immobilised in Synthetic Vesicular Systems. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 17 (6-7), 1101-1110.

  • Meriluoto, J., Kincaid, B., Smyth, M.R., Wasberg, M. (1998). Electrochemical Detection of Microcystins, Cyanobacterial Peptide Hepatoxins, Following High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J. Chrom. A., 810 (1-2), 226-230.

  • Robinson, G.M., Iwuoha, E.I., Smyth, M.R. (1998). Characterisation of electrosynthetic L-Dopa-Melanin Films by Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Techniques. Electrochim. Acta, 43 (23), 3489-3496.

  • Dempsey, E., Diamond, D., Smyth, M.R., Urban, G., Jobst, G., Moser, I., Verpoorte, E.M.J., Manz, A., Widmer, H.M., Rabenstein, K., Freaney, R. (1997). Design and Development of a Miniaturised Total Chemical Analysis System for On-Line Lactose and Glucose Monitoring in Biological Samples. Anal. Chim. Acta, 346, 341-349.

  • Iwuoha, E.I., Saenz de Villaverde, D., Garcia, N.P., Smyth, M.R., Pingarron, J.M. (1997). Reactivities of Organic Phase Biosensors. 2. The Amperometric Behaviour of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilised on a Platinum Electrode Modified with an Electrosynthetic Polyaniline Film. Biosens. Bioelec., 12 (8), 749-761.

  • Quinn, J.G., O'Kennedy, R., Smyth, M.R., Moulds, J. and Frame, T. (1997). Detection of Blood Group Antigens Utilising Immobilised Antibodies and Surface Plasmon Resonance. J. Immunol. Meth., 206, 87-96.

  • Whelan, C.M., Smyth, M.R., Leonard, R.G. (1997). The Influence of Heterocyclic Thiols on the Electrodeposition of Cu on Au(111). J. Electroanal. Chem., 441 (1-2), 109-129.

  • Raftery, D., Smyth, M.R., Leonard, R.G. (1997). Investigations into the Cumene Hydroperoxide-Based Cure Chemistry of Anaerobic Adhesives. Int. J. Adhesion & Adhesives, 17 (4), 349-352.

  • Pamidi, P.V.A., Parrado, C., Kane, S.A., Wang, J., Smyth, M.R., Pingarron, J. (1997). Sol-Gel Carbon Composite Electrode as an Amperometric Detector for Liquid Chromatography. Talanta, 44 (11), 1929-1934.

  • Quinn, J.G., O'Kennedy, R., Smyth, M., Moulds, J., Frame, T. (1997). Detection of Blood Group Antigens Utilising Immobilised Antibodies and Surface Plasmon Resonance. J. Immnol. Meth., 206 (1-2), 87-96.

  • Park, T-M., Iwuoha, E.I., Smyth, M.R., Freaney, R., McShane, A.J. (1997). Sol-Gel Based Amperometric Biosensor Incorporating an Osmium Redox Pplymer as Mediator for Detection of L-Lactate. Talanta, 44 (6), 973-978.

  • Lu, B., Iwuoha, E.I., Smyth, M.R. and O'Kennedy, R. (1997). Effects of Acetonitrile on Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) - anti HRP Antibody Interaction, Biosens. & Bioelec., 12, 619-625.

  • Lu, B., Iwuoha, E.I., Smyth, M.R. and O'Kennedy, R. (1997). Development of an "Electrically Wired" Amperometric Immunosensor for the Determination of Biotin Based on a Non-diffusional Redox Polymer Film Containing an Antibody to the Enzyme Label Horseradish Peroxidase. Anal. Chim. Acta, 345, 59-66.

  • Lu, B., Smyth, M.R., O'Kennedy, R., Moulds, J. and Frame, T. (1997). Development of an Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Flow Injection Analysis for the Detection of Red Blood Cells.Anal. Chim. Acta, 340, 175-180.

  • Lu, B., Iwuoha, E.I., Smyth, M.R. and O'Kennedy, R. (1997). Development of an Amperometric Immunosensor for Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) Involving a Non-diffusional Osmium Redox Polymer Co-immobilised with Anti-HRP Antibody. Anal. Commun., 34, 21-24.

  • Park, T-M., Iwuoha, E.I., Smyth, M.R. (1997). Development of a Sol-Gel Enzyme Inhibition-Based Amperometric Biosensor for Cyanide. Electroanal., 9 (14), 1120-1123.

  • Iwuoha, E.I., Smyth, M.R., Lyons, M.E.G. (1997). Organic Phase Enzyme Electrodes: Kinetics and Analytical Applications. Biosens. Bioelec., 12 (1), 53-75.

  • Lu, B., Smyth, M.R. and O'Kennedy, R. (1996). Immunological Activities of IgG Antibody on Pre-coated Fc Receptor Surfaces. Anal. Chim. Acta., 331, 97-102.

  • Miland, E., Smyth, M.R., Ó Fágáin, C. (1996). Increased Thermal and Solvent Tolerance of Acetylated Horseradish Peroxidase. Enz. Microb. Tech., 19 (1), 63-67.

  • Walshe, M., Kelly, M.T., Smyth, M.R. (1996). Comparison of Two Extraction Methods for Determination of Propranolol and Furosemide in Human Plasma by Mixed-Mode Chromatography. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 14 (4), 475-481.

  • Lu, B., Smyth, M.R., Quinn, J., Bogan, D. and O'Kennedy, R. (1996). Development of a Regenerable Amperometric Immunosensor for 7-Hydroxycoumarin. Electroanalysis, 8, 619-622.

  • Lu, B., Smyth, M.R. and O'Kennedy, R. (1996). Oriented Immobilization of Antibodies and its Applications in Immunoassays and Immunosensors. Analyst, 121, 29R-32R.

  • Wang, J., Nascimento, V.B., Kane, S.A., Rogers, K., Smyth, M.R., Angnes, L. (1996). Screen-printed tyrosinase-containing electrodes for the biosensing of enzyme inhibitors. Talanta, 43, 1903-1907.

  • Killard, A.J., Deasy, B., O'Kennedy, R. and Smyth, M.R. (1995). Antibodies: Production, Functions and Applications in Biosensors. TrAC, 14, 257-266.

  • Iwuoha, E.I., Adeyoju, O., Dempsey, E., Smyth, M.R., Liu, J., Wang, J. (1995). Investigation of the Effects of Polar Organic Solvents on the Activity of Tyrosinase Entrapped in a Poly(estersulphonic acid) Polymer. Biosens. Bioelec., 10, 661-667.

  • Moane, S., Rodriguez, J.R.B, Ordieres, A.J.M., Blanco, P.T., Smyth, M.R. (1995). Electrochemical Behaviour of Clenbuterol at Nafion-modified Carbon-Paste Electrodes. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 14 (1-2), 57-63.

    Robinson, G., Leech, D., Smyth, D. (1995). Electrically 'Wired' Tyrosinase Enzyme Inhibition Electrode for the Detection of Respiratory Poisons. Electroanal., 7, (10), 952-957.