The recognition of states is one of the most important diplomatic practices that enables the conduct of bilateral and multilateral relations among sovereign and independent states. However, since it remains a loosely regulated and controversial practice, a broad range of perspectives on the meaning, functions, varieties, and levels of state recognition have emerged, including the prospects for its withdrawal. While the majority of scholars consider diplomatic recognition as an acknowledgement of the political and legal existence of sovereign states, there are also voices that consider international recognition as a fundamental precondition for the legal existence and sovereign equality of states. Regardless of these views, the process of state recognition remains open-ended, and the type of recognition states secure depends on the pathway of state creation and the support by great powers. Because of this, multiple forms and variants of recognition have emerged, such as bilateral and collective recognition, nonrecognition, and derecognition of states. The multiple variants of diplomatic recognition produce far-reaching effects, especially for aspirant states that experience difficulties in securing and maintaining full and universal diplomatic recognition . In this sense, practices of recognition and derecognition in world politics can be described as institutionalized patterns of exclusion that affect the ability of aspirant states to participate as equal members of the international community. In itself, the process of granting, withholding, or withdrawing recognition of exclusive and effective authority over a particular territory and population profoundly shapes the character of the state and its international standing.